Distance from Earth; Ellipticity (Flattening) Equatorial Radius; Length … The three most important ones are Fahrenheit (F), Kelvin (K), and Celsius (C). Continue reading "What is the Average Surface Temperature of the Planets in our Solar System?" Home » Planets for Kids » Temperature Conversion. All planets have very different temperatures at the surface. It can be as cold as -290 degrees Fahrenheit (-179 degrees Celsius) on Mercury at night. Mercury rotates slowly and has a thin atmosphere, and consequently, the night-side temperature can be more than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the day-side temperature shown on the diagram. The surface temperatures of the outer gas planets Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus tend to be very cold because they are so far away from the sun. Universe Today. The degree symbol is not used to report temperature using the Kelvin scale, instead, they are noted as Kelvins. Throughout the world, there are many different units of measuring temperature. Temperatures are influenced by the distance of planets from the sun - as the distance increases, the temperature decreases. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the inner planets. Key Facts & Summary . Skip to content. Celsius and Fahrenheit are degree scales. Space and astronomy news. The nature and composition of the atmosphere, for example, determines the amount of heat radiated and how much heat the planet retains. Both interior and exterior factors are responsible for temperature variations within the planets. The average temperature of Jupiter is -244 degrees, and the surface temperature of Saturn is -300 degrees. Planets and the Sun. Uranus's maximum temperature is -300 degrees, while Neptune's average surface …